GABRIELLE TURNQUEST – BRITAIN,S YOUNGEST EVER BARRISTER

She is the youngest person to be called to the bar in 600 years and at just 18, Gabrielle Turnquest has already become used to questions about her age. By 12 she was ahead of her classmates. She started her first degree at the age of 14, graduating two years later on the day she also graduated from high school. “I guess it feels really good to have a law degree,” she says, “rather than the age part of it.”

Not many people knew how young Turnquest was at the University of Law, where she was studying with her 22-year-old sister. Most of the other students were in their mid-20s, although there were much older people too.

I think once people figured it out, there was shock,” she says, “I think that we had assumed that I was the youngest but there hadn’t been any confirmation. Then it was all over with and we got back to studying.”

Turnquest is the third of six children. Are they all high achievers? “We try to be,” she says with a laugh. Their mother can take much of the credit for their academic success. A lawyer from Nassau in the Bahamas, she moved the family there from Florida when Turnquest was a child. Deciding the school system wasn’t challenging enough for her bright kids, she spent several months researching curriculums from around the world, looking at which countries were doing best in which subjects and why.

Then she turned all that into her own educational plan, rented space in her office building, hired teachers and enrolled her children on to a programme she named Excelsior Academy. She even made a school uniform for them.

Turnquest insists there wasn’t any pressure to excel. In fact, she says, because she wasn’t comparing herself to her peers, she didn’t really know what was expected of her. She just soaked up as much information as she could take, regardless of what age range it was aimed at. “My mother never gave us the impression that we were expected to complete everything,” she says.

When Turnquest was 12, the family moved back to the US and the children went back to schools. By this time she was far ahead of her classmates.

When she got to high school the following year, she was able to take more advanced courses and she started a degree in psychology when she was 14. Turnquest’s university classmates knew she was still a high-school student, though most assumed she was a senior (around 17).

When a mentor suggested she might not be taken seriously as a counsellor at such a young age, Turnquest thought about what to do next. Her sister had applied to study law in London and she thought this would be a good next step. “I guess the same could be said [about her age] for law, but it seemed as though there would be more opportunities to do behind-the-scenes work and the age thing would never come up.”

Although she could have stayed in the UK and become a barrister, she now plans to work as a lawyer in the fashion industry – she starts an apparel industry management course in the autumn, while studying for the multistate bar exams.

So, does she ever feel that she has missed out on anything, that she has moved too fast? “I guess I missed out on going to university with the people I knew before, but I’ve met a great group of people going to university the way I did. I now have this time to figure out what I’m going to do next and I already have a degree, so I have more opportunities open to me. I honestly don’t think I’ve missed out. I don’t think there was anything I could have done at 15 or 16 that I can’t do now – just with a law degree.”

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SOURCE

AFRICAN LEADERSHIP MAGAZINE

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE UNIVERSAL PEACE FEDERATION UK ?

Mission
Through forums, seminars, conferences, service programs, and interfaith peace initiatives, the Universal Peace Federation builds a global network of peace builders to contribute to a world of sustainable peace in which everyone can live in freedom, harmony, cooperation, and prosperity.
FIND US

43 Lancaster Gate
London, United Kingdom
@universalpeacefederation.uk
Call 020 7262 09

Focus Areas

  • Renewal of the United Nations
  • An Inter-Religious Council
  • Marriage and Family
  • Peace

 

Principles

  • God – We are one human family created by God.
  • Spirituality – The highest qualities of the human being are spiritual and moral.
  • Family – The family is the “school of love and peace.”
  • Service – Living for the sake of others
  • Unity – Peace comes through cooperation beyond the boundaries of ethnicity, religion, and nationality.

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Websites:

Main UPF – UK Website    www.uk.upf.org

A FEW WORDS ON THE RECENT BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS AT UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT- BY CHIEF MRS YEMISI SANUSI

What an amazing event at the House of Parliament today to mark the Black History month.I was kindly recognized and honourably invited to the Podium to give a brief address .
I paid glowing tributes to outstanding Africans /Nigerians leaders who had left fantastic legacies notably :Prof Thomas Adeoye Lambo.The 1st African Deputy Director General of WHO,Geneva and the innovator of Community Mental Health and my Professional Mentor.
Madam Funmilayo Ransome Kuti as the 1st Woman to drive a car in.Nigeria and part of the delegation that fought for the Independence if Nigeria (The powerful Mother of Fela Kuti The iconic …….. Nigerian star Music Legend

Other great women achievers including Margaret Ekpo from Eastern Part of Nigeria as well as Queen Amina from the North.
PAN African Leaders ..who fought for Independence in their countries in Ghana , Kwame Nkurumah, Kenya Jomo Kenyetta,South Africa Pa Mandela,
I also paid tribute to Two Nigerian icons
Bishop Ajayi Crowther the 1st African Bishop concentrated over 150 yrs in Britain and Herbert Macaulay .Political Legend
Jamaican Musical Legend Bob Marley
Caribbean Nurse Leader Mary Seacole pls visit her statute at St Thomas’s Hospital in.London Thanks to Prof Elizabeth Ewniowu,
Living Great achievers Former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo who voluntarily and peacefully handed over twice to Civilian Presidents unlike other Sit tight African.leaders
Pastor Enoch Adeboye ,The General Overseas of the RCCG the fastest growing Pentecostal Church in the World also got recognition from.me
I forgot to mention Aliko Dangote the richest Black African man and Chief Mrs Folorunsho Alakija The richest Black Woman ,Prof Wole Soyinka The 1st African Nobel Peace Award for Literature and numerous other African Achievers

I was also interviewed by BBC Radio
Finally ,l am working on.a project that will recognise more African Global Achievers .
Pls join.me to congratulate the Chief Organisers my brother o Tony Tokunbo Eteka Fernandez and others who made today event at the House of Parliament so memorable Looking forward to next year celebration.

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2016 GHANA NIGERIA YOUTH SPORTS TOURNAMENT HOLDS IN ACCRA, GHANA

2016 GHANA NIGERIA YOUTH SPORTS TOURNAMENT HOLDS IN ACCRA


Teams from Ghana and Nigeria gathered at the Azuma Nelson Sports Complex,Industrial Area -Accra to participate in this years Ghana Nigeria Youth Sports Tournament.It was one moment of joy after another as individuals from both countries engaged in different sporting activity.The theme for this years event was ‘Consolidating on the good relationship between Ghanaian and Nigerian youths through Sports’.

Comrade Barry Ndu Nwaihim.the coordinator of the event expressed delight  seeing young people come together in unity to explore their sporting skills.He commended all the teams that participated and assured that next year event would be more exciting and rewarding.He condemned the attitude of companies and individuals who find it difficult to support such great initiatives that unite people from both countries.He believed that if there were more financial commitment from organizations,the event would have been more exciting and beneficial to participants.

He explained that Ghana and Nigeria have come a long way since pre -colonial independence hence the need to continuously do things that unite its people.He said that the vision of their Organization is to leave a legacy of promoting unity,peace and cordial relationship among young people from both countries.He believes that the intellectual resources can be utilized for the betterment of the African continent.Different football agents were on ground to watch the matches as to identify exceptional youths that may be signed on into their different clubs.He called on African Governments to always give the youths opportunity to serve as they have the capacity to deliver.


Alex Chigozie,the groups Director of Organization was grateful to God for another opportunity to organize the event.He reiterated their groups commitment in promoting the positive ideals of young people.He stated that initiatives like this have always produced great talents that ended up making their country proud hence the need for Government and well meaning individuals to continuously support Organizations that take out their time to create the  platform for such laudable engagement.He commended the effort of all the teams that participated for their steadfastness and resilience.

On the sidelines of the event,the GHANA NIGERIA ACHIEVERS AWARD was presented to Ms Adaora Udeh for being a role model in sports for young people .Adaora Udeh is also 2016 Ghana Tertiary Awards Most influential student in sports and  2016 Female sports champion of the PUSAG Games.Comrade Barry Ndu Nwaihim while presenting the Award urged her never to relent in her passion and  continue in her positive effort of making Nigeria proud in Diaspora.Accra Institute of Technology was named as the Best Behaved Team of the Tournament.

The games ended around 5pm with participants dancing to nice Ghanaian and Nigerian tunes from the DJ with expectation of a more exciting Tournament in 2017

 

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ROLE MODEL OF THE WEEK, JACQUELINE NDIDI WABARA- CEO OF MISS NUBIAN FOUNDATION AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR

Born Jacqueline Ndidi Wabara in the West Midlands ,Uk to parents who hail from Abia/Rivers state in Nigeria. From the tender age of 7, Jacqueline was not just academically gifted, but having passed her grade 1 Music in Brass, it was clear to all was possessed an impressive amount of creative flair. Enthusiastic about getting into a grammar school St Michaels where she obtained 5 academic O levels and 2 in Music and Textiles design she also enrolled into Drama school .

Despite her keen artistic ambitions, she decided to go to University where she graduated with a upper 2 nd class honours Degree Business Enterprise & Law.An accredited multi-instrumentalist, her initial post graduate work experience began mid 90’s where she gained her first media work experience whilst working for The Voice and New Nation newspapers, Choice FM Radio and then MTV .During this period she decided to study for her Master in Strategic Business Practice and International marketing. She is also an accomplished media strategist and publicist, who has successful track record, spearheading public relations campaigns in the UK,Europe, USA,Africa and her motherland Nigeria in her capacity as the Director of WABARA PUBLIC RELATIONS.

Whilst already a spokesperson for Sickle Cell Society, In 2007 after years of battling with the symptoms Jacqueline was diagnosed with Chronic Illness Lupus. This heighten her determination to be a keen fundraiser and her philanthropic activities became more of a prominent feature in her business related activities.

The self-titled CULTURPRENEUR works tirelessly within the Black Communities to build strong community ties that heighten the levels of community cohesion.

Working as Management Consultant the 15 spent most of her post graduate years working for regional development agencies was one of the key drivers that made her create the MISS NUBIAN FOUNDATION in 2010.Initially formed as a CIC (Community Interest Company) MISS NUBIAN FOUNDATION who for the past four years they have organised the UK’s foremost ‘Black History Month Extravaganza.

The ground breaking event provides an invaluable platform for those who have made significant strides in performing ,visual and literacy artists to showcase to niche and mainstream audiences .

An avid influential advocate of change through empowerment and the Arts, in 2012 Jacqueline was honoured by the Black, Entertainment ,Film ,Fashion ,Television, Arts awards (BEFFTA) for best director and Executive producer one of the Europe’s foremost Talent & Culture Propelling Pageants namely MISS NUBIAN Uk – Top Female Artist of Colour contest.Since 2012, she has executively produced numerous award winning events for Nigerian and the Black Community at large. In October 2015 Jacqueline achievements and dedication spearheaded such campaigns were duly recognised and she was awarded a BEFFTA special recognition accolade for her services to the Entertainment, Film, Fashion Television and Arts industries.

Forever the optimist and astute visionary, Jacqueline is on the verge of completing her doctorate in Employability and Entrepreneurship Enhancing strategies within the disadvantaged BAME communities .

Having finally achieved Charity Status On Saturday 22 nd October 2016 Miss Nubian Foundation 5 th Edition of their hugely successful How Black People Made Great Britain ‘GREATER ‘Black History Month Fundraising Extravaganza In Support of LUPUS UK ,SICKLE CELL SOCIETY and CANCER BLACK CARE At the Plush HILTON LONDON TOWER BRIDGE Supported by the Mayor of London the spectacular red carpet night of Glitz and Glamour was attended by host of VIP’s from the world of Politics, Sport, Entertainment, Media, Law and featured showcase of the crème de la crème of UK artistes and the MISS NUBIAN UK –TOP FEMALE ARTIST OF COLOUR – Grand Finale

For more information about MISS NUBIAN FOUNDATION and how you can be part of any of their future events Send all expressions of Interest to

info@Missnubianfoundation.org.uk

Facebook Miss Nubian Foundation

 

 

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AN INSPIRATIONAL BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS AT UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT FOR 4 YEARS IN A ROW, INSPIRED BY T.T.F

HUMBLED TO HAVE ORGANISED BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS AT THE UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT FOR FOUR YEARS IN A ROW ON AN AMAZING DAY – THURSDAY THE 27TH OF OCTOBER 2016

The Big Question in Life is “What are we doing today to make tomorrow feel right?” It is a question I will always live with , because in the depths of our hearts there is a passionate spirit blessed with the energy, the will and the courage to be the CHANGE we want to SEE IN SOCIETY.

It all starts with you, it all starts with me, for we have what it takes to move mountains, so lets continue the journey TOGETHER

I was humbled to have organised The Black History Month Celebrations at The UK House of Parliament for the fourth year in a row on an amazing and inspirational day that attracted Historians ,Politicians, Community Leaders and Role models from at least 21 Countries of origin.
Thursday the 27th of October 2016 was an amazing day for all who attended. We had a full house

I would like to say a very big thank you to all our

KEY SPEAKER FOR BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS, UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT 2016, They were simply amazing
DR Winston George Ellis – BLACK BRITISH CELEBRITY ACTOR (PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN AND DARK KNIGHT) DR ELLIS IS ALSO A THREE TIMES WORLD MARTIAL ARTS CHAMPION

MR Richard Duke– SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR, HUMAN CAPITAL STRATEGIST AND COMMUNITY AMBASSADOR . MR DUKE IS ALSO THE CO-FOUNDER OF THE EFIK HISTORY PROJECT- AN AMAZING SOCIAL NETWORK OF OVER 10,000 MEMBER BASED IN THE UK, USA, CUBA AND NIGERIA

Mrs Joan Henshaw who spoke on behalf of MR James Henshaw JUNIOR – FOUNDER OF THE JAMES ENE HENSHAW FOUNDATION. THE LATE DR JAMES ENE HENSHAW WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN INDIGENOUS PLAYWRIGHT TO BE PUBLISHED INTERNATIONALLY

MR David Smith– DIRECTOR OF THE BRITISH AFRICAN BUSINESS ALLIANCE

MR ARTHUR TORRINGTON- – PROJECT DIRECTOR OF WINDRUSH FOUNDATION & CO-FOUNDER OF THE OLAUDAH EQUIANO SOCIETY

CHIEF MRS YEMISI SANUSI Yem A Stars– DIRECTOR OF IDAY INTERNATIONAL BELGIUM AND PRESIDENT OF IDAY UNITED KINGDOM

It was a profound pleasure to also have His Excellency The Sierra Leone High Commissioner to The UK and Ireland H.E Sir Edward M Turay who was present at our event. He gave am amazing talk themed on Slavery and also commended me on my work over the years. Thank you for your support Sir. I am deeply humbled

Thank you also to Mr Abbey King Khawaja an amazing Business Entrepreneur who also gave an inspirational closing speech which touched our audience to the point of tears. You added colour to our day . I look forward to seeing you soon Sir

Thank you also to The Secretary General of The Universal Peace Federation , Mr Robin Marsh who was also in attendance. You are a great man and I am so proud of your initiative

Steven Kasambaa from Uganda is the Founder of The African Cultural Arts Development. He entertained the auidence with his beautiful music. Thank you brother, your best is yet to come

TO MY MEDIA PARTNERS, YOU WILL ALWAYS REMAIN MY FAMILY

DE OSA CATERING SERVICES – MANAGED BY Rita Osa – YOU ARE AMAZING, THANK YOU FOR THE GREAT FOOD . It was so nice to see you

FOCUS AFRICA managed by Focus Atta – THANK YOU ALWAYS

jStarr Radioukk – Thank you for streaming live yesterday and for the great interviews, YOU ARE THE BEST

Debbie Golt – thanks for the coverage on High Wycombe Sound 106.F.M We will continue to stay in touch

TrueAfrican Heritage– MANAGED BY Rukayat Aderewa Akanke – My Sister for Life- Thank you for everything

AFRICAN SHOW , BLAST 1383- MANAGED BY Real O’Rael – Thank you as always

CHIEF PHOTOHRAPHER – Dark Zac – Was great to see you bro, I know the pictures will be second to none

AFRICANA- MANAGED BY RICHARD Richard Freeman Oluyinka – Thanks for the support brother and for the video coverage. We will talk very soon

Esoe Remo – MANAGED BY Omoluwabi Toks OmoSoluade – Thank you as always

A BIG THANK YOU TO THE MP FOR READING WEST – MP ALOK SHARMA who has supported and sponsored this initiative for the last four years . Thanks for everything

 

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I ALSO PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING SERVICES BELOW
MC Hosting for corporate functions, business expos and network seminars
Emotional Well being, Creative confidence and Bespoke educational modules as part of Youth Empowerment projects/programmes & initiatives in Africa
Customised social media services for Campaigns, Entrepreneurs, Start up businesses, and Social Events across various Social media channels
Motivational Talks for Schools, Universities and Community groups
Talks and Video Presentations on themes related to West African History and Black History
CONTACT US TODAY ON +447882809005 TO MAKE A BOOKING, OR DROP US AN EMAIL : afripoet@gmail.com
T.T.F

OUR BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS AT THE UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT TAKES PLACE TOMORROW , THURSDAY THE 27TH OF OCTOBER 2016

Dear Elders, Family and Friends,

OUR BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS AT THE UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT TAKES PLACE TOMORROW – THURSDAY THE 27TH OF OCTOBER 2016

I am pleased to inform you that I will be organising BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS at , UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT FOR THE 4TH YEAR IN A ROW in conjunction with THE MP FOR READING WEST – MP ALOK SHARMA, TOMORROW , Thursday the 27th of October 2016 at 1pm on the dot.

This is A SPECIAL INVITE EVENT ONLY and all 60 invited guests have been notified by email with a SPECIAL INVITATION LETTER

KEY SPEAKER FOR BLACK HISTORY MONTH CELEBRATIONS, UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT 2016

DR Winston George Ellis – BLACK BRITISH CELEBRITY ACTOR (PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN AND DARK KNIGHT) DR ELLIS IS ALSO A THREE TIMES WORLD MARTIAL ARTS CHAMPION
Title of Presentation by Dr Ellis – FROM PAIN TO PROFIT (A TRUE STORY)
MR Richard Duke– SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR, HUMAN CAPITAL STRATEGIST AND COMMUNITY AMBASSADOR
Titel of Presentation by Mr Duke – AFRICAN HISTORY- A Kaleidoscope of Efik Migration to The United Kingdom

MR James Henshaw JUNIOR – FOUNDER OF THE JAMES ENE HENSHAW FOUNDATION. THE LATE DR JAMES ENE HENSHAW WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN INDIGENOUS PLAYWRIGHT TO BE PUBLISHED INTERNATIONALLY
Title of Presentation by Mr Henshaw “Bad Business- The legal battle on The abolition of slavery”

MR David Smith– DIRECTOR OF THE BRITISH AFRICAN BUSINESS ALLIANCE
Title of Presentation by Mr Smith “The importance and benefits of Africans and The British working together”

MR ARTHUR TORRINGTON- – PROJECT DIRECTOR OF WINDRUSH FOUNDATION & CO-FOUNDER OF THE OLAUDAH EQUIANO SOCIETY
Title of Presentation by Mr Torrington- Celebrating Olaudah Eqiano, The African

LADY Angie Amra Anderson– Artistic Director of AMRA Productions and PIONEER OF AFRICAN ARTS IN THE UK.
Title of Presentation by Lady Anderson- “The presentation and performance of traditional art”

PERFORMING ARTISTS
ACD ARTS FROM EAST AFRICA MANAGED BY Steven Kasamba

SPECIAL GUESTS SO FAR

MP FOR READING WEST – MP ALOK SHARMA – SPONSOR
MP FOR NEWCASTLE CENTRAL – MP Chi Onwurah
MP FOR WINDSOR- MP ADAM AFRIYIE
SIERRA LEONE HIGH COMMISSIONER TO UK & IRELAND – HIS EXCELLENCY SIR Edward M Turay

MEDIA PARTNERS –

DE OSA CATERING SERVICES – MANAGED BY Rita Osa
FOCUS AFRICA – MANAGED BY Focus Atta
9jadiaspora – MANAGED BY Mr Toibudeen Oduniyi
Pamtengo Internet Radio Station – Streaming live on the day
Starr Radiouk
OUTERGLOBE -MANAGED BY Debbie Golt
TrueAfrican Heritage– MANAGED BY Rukayat Aderewa Akanke
AFRICAN SHOW , BLAST 1383- MANAGED BY Real Real O’Raell
PHOTOGRAPHY Dark Zac
AFRICANA- MANAGED BY RICHARD Richard Freeman Oluyinka
Esoe Remo – MANAGED BY Omoluwabi Toks OmoSoluade

 

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I ALSO PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING SERVICES BELOW

MC Hosting for corporate functions, business expos and network seminars
Emotional Well being, Creative confidence and Bespoke educational modules as part of Youth Empowerment projects/programmes & initiatives in Africa
Customised social media services for Campaigns, Entrepreneurs, Start up businesses, and Social Events across various Social media channels
Motivational Talks for Schools, Universities and Community groups
Talks and Video Presentations on themes related to West African History and Black History

CONTACT US TODAY ON +447882809005 TO MAKE A BOOKING, OR DROP US AN EMAIL : afripoet@gmail.com
T.T.F

INTRODUCING MR JAMES EWA HENSHAW, ONE OF THE KEY SPEAKERS AT OUR BLACK HISTORY MONTH EVENT AT UK HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT

PROFILE: James Ewa Henshaw.

Between 2000 and 2013 when I returned to Nigeria I was a senior lecturer in Business and Computing at South Thames College, London where I taught on the National and Higher National Diploma courses, and was the Co-ordinator of the Foundation Degree Programme in e-Business under the auspices of Kingston University. My specialisms were Programming, Business Information Systems and Project Management.

The Arts, particularly theatre, has always been my abiding interest, something I probably inherited from growing up with a playwright father. I was deeply involved in student drama while at university. In 1986, I won an Arts Council Bursary for New Writing (Plays), and this led to setting up a theatre company which performed African plays and toured mainly around the North-East of England. Subsequently, I took a post as a Community Arts Development Officer attached to Northern Arts based in Newcastle upon Tyne.

After taking up a teaching career, I continued to be involved with a amateur and semi- professional theatre, and directed plays for the Calabar Union in the United Kingdom.

After the death of my father, spurred by the desire to maintain his literary legacy I set up the James Ene Henshaw Foundation and returned to Nigeria.

The Foundation has since republished 3 plays by the late playwright, Ene Henshaw, and got them back on the English curriculum for secondary schools in a number of States, as well as several universities in the country. Reviving the practice of drama in secondary schools, as well as encouraging the growth of a theatre-going culture in the local community are the main challenges taken on by the Foundation. We are addressing these issues through our PLAYS-TO- SCHOOLS programme and the Season of World Classics which we have opened with SIZWE BANSI IS DEAD.

 

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ROLE MODEL OF THE WEEK -GIFTIE UMO, YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AMBASSADOR & PROGRAMME OFFICER FOR BRIDGE LEADERSHIP FOUNDATION, CALABAR

GIFTIE UMO

Giftie Umo has a Bachelor’s degree in Applied Chemistry from the University of Calabar. She is an Alumnus of the Bridge Leadership Foundation and passionate about social development and reform with major interest in youth and community development. Known for her excellent ability in leading any team to achieving great goals and helping young people develop their leadership and entrepreneurial skills, she is innovative and has passion to convert ideas into results.

Giftie Umo has worked with several developmental organizations like the NYSC/Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and The Bridge Leadership Foundation, leading these organizations in different capacity.

 

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BLACK HISTORY MONTH : AN INSIGHT INTO SLAVERY IN OLD CALABAR, BY MR RICHARD DUKE

Black History Month: An insight into Slavery in Old Calabar By Richard Duke

•”According to Rev Hope Waddell, slaves came from several sources, and scholars of African slavery agree that “there were numerous ways to enslave people”. In Old Calabar, as in other regions, individuals sold themselves into slavery to escape famine , to seek protection, or to improve their circumstances, since a well-placed slave might prosper more than an impoverished free man. Individuals could be enslaved for debts, and entire families could fall into slavery by that means.

•James Morley, a sailor on board slave ships at Old Calabar in the 1770’s, reported that he knew of persons who were sold because they committed adultery or theft.

•Among those sold for adultery was one of the wives of Duke Ephraim, though the woman, who spoke very good English, told Morley that she was innocent of the crimes, and since Ephraim treated her “with the greatest civility” when he brought her on board, Morley believed the charge to be false.

•It has been observed that although men might also be enslaved as punishment for crimes or taken as prisoners of war, but those enslaved in these ways were generally in a worse position than other slaves; their lives were considered forfeit and they might be subject to sacrifice or sale, unlike those enslaved by other means.

•Unlike in the America’s, slaves in Calabar could not buy their own freedom or redeem themselves. The slave could only improve his social standing by purchasing for themselves other slaves ( down the food chain) who would help to reduce the amount of hard work he had to do.

•In the event of serendipity where the slave master in Calabar happened to set a slave free; the slave was often seen as a disgrace and had to seek the protection of another slave master. The life of a slave was tough. However, where a slave maid gave birth to children for her master, according to Waddell “both she and the children became free”.

Sources:
•The Two Princes of Old Calabar by Prof Randy Sparks
•Twenty Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa by Rev Hope Waddell.
•The Slave Kings of Old Calabar (unpublished) by Richard Duke
•Letters of the Old Calabar Slave Trade by Lovejoy and Richardson

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